Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.

Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre). The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow- milk. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.

In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre). The milk contained a protein called ____________ which was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.

Human alpha-lactalbumin

The correct answer is Option (4) - Human alpha-lactalbumin

In 1997, scientists achieved a significant breakthrough by creating the first transgenic cow named Rosie. This cow was genetically modified to produce human protein-enriched milk, specifically containing human alpha-lactalbumin. Alpha-lactalbumin is a protein found in human breast milk that plays a crucial role in providing essential nutrients and immune factors to human infants.

The process of genetically modifying Rosie involved inserting a gene responsible for producing human alpha-lactalbumin into her DNA. As a result, Rosie's mammary glands started producing milk containing this human protein. The milk produced by Rosie had a significantly higher concentration of human alpha-lactalbumin compared to regular cow's milk(2.4 grams per litre).

The availability of transgenic milk from Rosie offered a more balanced product for human babies compared to natural cow's milk. Infants fed with Rosie's milk could benefit from a composition that closely resembles human breast milk, providing them with superior nutritional benefits.