Study of teaching methods is called as:

Pedagogy

The correct answer is:

Option 3: Pedagogy

Explanation: Pedagogy is the study of teaching methods, strategies, and approaches used in education. It focuses on how to effectively facilitate learning and engage students in the learning process. The other options are unrelated to the study of teaching methods:

• Option 1: Physiology is the study of living organisms and their functions.
• Option 2: Penology is the study of criminal punishment and rehabilitation.
• Option 4: Pedology is the study of soils and their formation.