Answer the following question from the passage below:

The process of accumulation of molecular species at the surface of solid or liquid is called adsorption. It may be physisorption or chemisorption. Low temperature is favorable for physisorption. Amount of gas adsorbed by a solid depends upon nature of gas. Easily liquifiable gases are readily adsorbed. Catalyst increases the rate of reaction. Catalysis may be homogenous or heterogenous Enzymes are biological catalysts. They work at optimum pH and temperature. Solutions are of three types i.e. true solutions, colloids and suspensions. Depending on the interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium colloids may be Lyophilic and Lyophobic. Depending on type of particles there may multimolecular, macro-molecular and associated colloids. Sol. gel, emulsions are also various types of colloids.

The characteristics of enzyme catalysis are:

A. Reactions are fastest at \(pH\) \(9-14\)

B. Human body temperature being \(273 K\) is best suited

C. Enzyme are highly active in presence of activators

D. one enzyme can catalyze many reactions.

E. Poisons interact with active functional groups on enzyme surface

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

C and E only

The correct answer is option 2. C and E only.

Let us break down the characteristics of enzyme catalysis based on the given statements :

A. Reactions are fastest at pH 9-14 - Enzymes typically have an optimal pH range in which they function most effectively, but it's usually around neutral pH (pH 6-8), not in the alkaline range (pH 9-14). Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

B. Human body temperature being 273 K is best suited - Human body temperature is approximately 310 K, which is around 37°C (98.6°F), not 273 K. Enzymes generally function best at physiological temperatures, which are closer to body temperature. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.

C. Enzymes are highly active in the presence of activators - Enzymes can indeed be modulated by molecules called activators. Activators are substances that bind to enzymes and enhance their catalytic activity. These molecules can increase the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions by inducing a conformational change in the enzyme or by stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex. Therefore, this statement accurately reflects a characteristic of enzyme catalysis.

D. One enzyme can catalyze many reactions - This statement is incorrect. Each enzyme is specific to a particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions. So, one enzyme cannot catalyze many unrelated reactions.

E. Poisons interact with active functional groups on the enzyme surface - Poisons or inhibitors can interfere with enzyme activity by binding to active sites or other functional groups on the enzyme surface. This interference can disrupt the normal functioning of the enzyme, leading to a decrease or cessation of catalytic activity. Thus, this statement correctly describes how certain substances can adversely affect enzyme function.

Therefore, option 2 (C and E only) is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the characteristics of enzyme catalysis, considering both the activation and inhibition aspects of enzyme function.