Which of the following statements are incorrect about the Chipko Move…

The correct answer is Option (3) → (D), (E) only

(A) It was an environmental movement Correct statement (Incorrect). The Chipko Movement is recognised as one of the first environmental movements in the country.

(B) It raised the questions of ecological exploitation Correct statement (Incorrect). As the struggle spread across the Uttarakhand region, larger issues of ecological and economic exploitation of the region were raised.

(C) It demanded the control of natural resources by the local communities Correct statement (Incorrect). The villagers demanded that no forest-exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders and that local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water and forests.

(D) It was a movement against the construction of big dams Incorrect statement (Correct). The Chipko Movement began when the forest department refused the villagers permission to fell ash trees but allotted the same patch of land to a sports manufacturer; it was a struggle over the forests of the region and their exploitation.

(E) It was a movement against caste discrimination Incorrect statement (Correct). Caste discrimination was no part of the Chipko agitation, which was about the forests and the ecology of the region.

Note: This question is taken from the chapter ‘Rise of Popular Movements’ which was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT and has been deleted from subsequent editions of NCERT, including the NCERT book (2026-27). The later books (2023-24, 2025-26 and 2026-27) name the Chipko Movement only in a margin note of the chapter ‘Environment and Natural Resources’: ‘Let’s find out about ‘Chipko Movement’.’