What factor has shifted the focus of political parties from ideological differences in India since 1990s?
1) Economic policies.
2) Technological advancements.
3) Pragmatic considerations and coalition politics.
4) Nationalistic sentiments.

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

3

In coalition politics the emphasis has shifted towards pragmatic considerations rather than strict ideological positions, leading to political alliances even in the absence of ideological harmony. The dynamics of coalition politics have reshaped the focus of political parties from ideological disparities to cooperative power-sharing arrangements. An illustrative example of this phenomenon is the collaboration between various members of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), who did not share the 'Hindutva' ideology of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Nevertheless, they coalesced to form a government and sustained their authority throughout a complete term.

In essence, a consensus is taking shape amidst the competitive and contentious political landscape, marked by agreement on economic policies, recognition of backward caste demands, reduced distinction between State and national parties, and a shift towards pragmatic politics fostering cooperation despite ideological variations.