What is mutualism?

An interaction where both species benefit.

The correct answer is (b) An interaction where both species benefit.

Mutualism is a type of interaction between two species in which both species derive benefits from their association. It is a cooperative relationship where both species provide resources or services to each other, resulting in mutual advantages. In mutualistic interactions, both species have evolved to depend on and rely upon each other for survival and reproduction.

Unlike other types of interactions where one species may be harmed or unaffected, mutualism is characterized by reciprocal benefits. Each species gains advantages that enhance their fitness or reproductive success. For example, plants rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal, while the animals receive food rewards such as nectar or fruits. Both species benefit and have evolved specific adaptations to facilitate their mutualistic relationship.

Mutualism plays a crucial role in various ecosystems and is often essential for the survival and reproduction of the participating species. It can enhance species diversity, facilitate nutrient cycling, and contribute to the overall stability and functioning of ecological communities.