Saguna bhakti traditions do not include:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Worship of an abstract form of god
Saguna Bhakti means devotion to God with form and attributes (like Rama, Krishna, Shiva, Devi). It does not include the worship of an abstract or formless god — that belongs to Nirguna Bhakti.
" At a different level, historians of religion often classify bhakti traditions into two broad categories: saguna (with attributes) and nirguna (without attributes). The former included traditions that focused on the worship of specific deities such as Shiva, Vishnu and his avatars (incarnations) and forms of the goddess or Devi, all often conceptualised in anthropomorphic forms. Nirguna bhakti on the other hand was worship of an abstract form of god.".