The Indian economy was independent before the advent of the colonial rule. Even though agriculture was the main source of livelihood for majority of people, the country’s economy was characterised by various kinds of manufacturing activities. India was particularly well known for its handicraft industries. Under colonial rule, the country’s world famous handicraft industries declined. Although modern industry began to take root in India during the second half of the nineteenth century, but its progress remained really slow. There were hardly any capital goods industry to help promote industrialisation in our country. The colonial regime did make certain contributions and developments in the country in the areas like infrastructure. But the real motive behind these developments was to serve various colonial interests.

What effect did development of infrastructure like railways had on the Indian society and economy ?

All Of These

The correct answer is Option 4: All Of These

The development of infrastructure like railways had several effects on Indian society and economy:

• Break geographical and cultural barriers: Railways helped to connect different regions of India, reducing geographical isolation and fostering greater interaction between diverse areas and communities.
• Commercialisation of Indian agriculture: The railways facilitated the transportation of agricultural produce to distant markets, leading to increased commercial activity and integration of Indian agriculture into the global economy.
• Expansion of exports: Improved transportation infrastructure enabled the more efficient movement of goods, including raw materials and agricultural products, thus facilitating the expansion of exports.