The correct answer is Option (1) -Phylogeny.

The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among organisms, including their common ancestors and how they have evolved over time, is known as Phylogeny.

Phylogeny is the field of biology that focuses on understanding the evolutionary relationships among species, populations, or other biological entities. It involves the analysis of genetic, morphological, and behavioral traits to construct evolutionary trees or diagrams called phylogenetic trees. These trees depict the evolutionary relationships, divergence points, and shared ancestry among different organisms or groups of organisms. Phylogenetic studies contribute significantly to our understanding of the history and evolutionary processes that have shaped life on Earth.