The “Hardiness” trait of personality was given by:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Kobasa
Option (1) Rosenman and Option (2) Friedman — Incorrect. Friedman and Rosenman together classified people into Type-A and Type-B personalities while looking for risk factors of heart disease. Hardiness is not their idea.
Option (3) Kobasa — Correct. Kobasa studied people who had high levels of stress but low levels of illness, and found they shared three traits called hardiness: ‘the three Cs’ — commitment, control and challenge. Such a person has a stress-resistant personality.
Option (4) Hans Eysenck — Incorrect. Eysenck described personality on the dimensions of introversion-extraversion and emotional stability-instability (later adding psychoticism), measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2026 on 06-06-2026 (Slot 1).
NCERT (2025-26): “Stress Resistant Personality : Recent studies by Kobasa have shown that people with high levels of stress but low levels of illness share three characteristics, which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness. It consists of ‘the three Cs’, i.e. commitment, control, and challenge. Hardiness is a set of beliefs about oneself, the world, and how they interact. It takes shape as a sense of personal commitment to what you are doing, a sense of control over your life, and a feeling of challenge.…” |