Read the passage and answer the questions:
"The mid-first millennium BCE saw the emergence of thinkers such as Mahavira and Gautama Buddha in India. Many tried to understand the mysteries of existence and the relationship between human beings and cosmic order. This was also the time when new kingdoms and cities were developing and social and economic life was changing in the Ganga Valley."
Arrange the following in chronological order.
A. Publication of 'The Monuments of Sanchi'
B. Publication of 'Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus'
C. Publication of 'Bhilsa Topes'
D. Publication of the 'Conservation Manual'
E. Publication of 'Buddha Gaya: The Heritage of Sakya Muni'
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → B, C, E, A, D
(B) Publication of ‘Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus’ — 1834, by Ram Raja, the earliest of the five.
(C) Publication of ‘Bhilsa Topes’ — 1854: Alexander Cunningham published Bhilsa Topes, one of the earliest works on Sanchi.
(E) Publication of ‘Buddha Gaya: The Heritage of Sakya Muni’ — 1878, by Rajendra Lala Mitra.
(A) Publication of ‘The Monuments of Sanchi’ — 1914: John Marshall and Alfred Foucher published The Monuments of Sanchi.
(D) Publication of the ‘Conservation Manual’ — 1923: John Marshall published the Conservation Manual.
Tip: All five dates sit in one timeline box after the chapter, and eight questions of this paper are answered from such boxes. On your last revision day, read every chapter’s timeline slowly, row by row.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part I — Chapter 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings (2026-27)
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