The type of immunity that a fetus receives from the mother via the placenta during pregnancy is:

Passive immunity

The correct answer is Option (1) –Passive immunity

Passive immunity refers to the administration of pre-formed antibodies directly into the body to provide protection against foreign agents. For instance, the yellowish fluid known as colostrum, produced by a mother during the initial days of lactation, contains a rich supply of antibodies (specifically I_gA) that serves to safeguard the infant.

Additionally, during pregnancy, the fetus acquires a certain amount of antibodies from the mother through the placenta. These instances illustrate examples of passive immunity.