Which of the following points of difference between the contributions…

The correct answer is Option (3) → Perspective: Fayol – top level of management; Taylor – shop floor level of a factory

Option (1) Unity of command: Fayol – did not feel that it is important; Taylor – staunch proponent — Incorrect. The two sides are reversed. Fayol was a staunch proponent of unity of command. Taylor did not feel it was important, as under functional foremanship a worker got orders from eight specialists.

Option (2) Applicability: Fayol – applicable to specialised situations; Taylor – applicable universally — Incorrect. The two sides are reversed. Fayol’s principles are applicable universally; Taylor’s apply to specialised situations.

Option (3) Perspective: Fayol – top level of management; Taylor – shop floor level of a factory — Correct. Fayol looked at management from the top level, as the management of the whole organisation. Taylor worked from the shop floor level of a factory, studying how each job was done.

Option (4) Basis of formation: Fayol – observations and experimentation; Taylor – personal experience — Incorrect. The two sides are reversed. Fayol’s principles came from his personal experience; Taylor’s came from observations and experimentation.