Identify an example of organisms that do NOT belong to the third trophic level.

Cows

The correct answer is Option (4) - Cows

Cows do NOT belong to the third trophic level as they are primary consumers.

• Fishes: Depending on the species, fish can be primary consumers, feeding on plankton, or secondary consumers, feeding on smaller fish. Some fish species, like sharks, can even be considered tertiary consumers if they prey on other large fish.
• Wolves: As predators, wolves are tertiary consumers, feeding on herbivores like deer and rabbits.
• Birds: Birds can occupy various trophic levels depending on their diet. Some birds, like hawks and eagles, are tertiary consumers, while others, like sparrows and pigeons, are secondary consumers feeding on insects.
• Cows: Cows are primary consumers, also known as herbivores, as they directly feed on plants.