Called the farmer’s ‘friend’, the ______ helps in the breakdown of complex organic matter as well as in loosening of the soil.

earthworm

The correct answer is Option (2) -earthworm

Called the farmer's 'friend', the earthworm helps in the breakdown of complex organic matter as well as in loosening the soil.

Earthworms are known as farmer's friends because they play a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and structure. They burrow through the soil, creating tunnels that allow air and water to penetrate deeper into the ground, which promotes root growth and enhances soil aeration. Additionally, earthworms consume organic matter such as dead plant material and animal remains, breaking them down into nutrient-rich castings (excrement) that enrich the soil with essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This process of decomposition by earthworms, known as vermicomposting, helps in the recycling of nutrients and contributes to the overall health of agricultural soils. Therefore, earthworms are considered beneficial organisms in agriculture and gardening practices.