Read the following passage and answer the question.

In Tata Steel several initiatives have been taken to further improve the motivation levels and participation in the decision making process of the officers, greater impetus to training through a formalised system of a personal development programme, talent review and job rotation systems, compensation linked to the performance management system, formal rewards and recognition systems, knowledge management systems linked with appraisals, leadership opportunities in quality circles, continuous improvement and value engineering programmes and an extremely transparent and credible multi-path communication system to address queries and concerns of all employees through various dialogues both formal and online, with such tools as video conferencing, ‘MD Online’, special dialogues with senior management, meetings, conferences and seminars. These initiatives have helped to build a homogeneous and focused team in Tata Steel, increasing motivation and binding to the vision of the company and spurred employees to deliver targets on a participatory management basis leading to ownership of processes.

All the activities of the directing may broadly be grouped into 4 major categories.

According to you, which of the following options depicts the category that is being referred in the above paragraph? 

Motivation

The correct answer is option 3- Motivation.

Based on the context of the passage, which discusses various initiatives aimed at improving employee involvement, performance, and attitudes, the category being referred to is Motivation.

The passage highlights efforts to enhance motivation through leadership opportunities, recognition, and other practices designed to boost employee engagement and performance.