The terminal voltage of a cell connected to an external resistance R is |
always less than its e.m.f.
always equal to its e.m.f. always greater than its e.m.f. greater of less than its e.m.f. depending on the direction of the current through it |
greater of less than its e.m.f. depending on the direction of the current through it |
V = E – lr when cell is being discharged = E + lr when the cell is being charged. |