Which of the following are essential features of a social movement?

(A) Sustained collective action
(B) Always revolutionary in nature
(C) Shared objectives and ideologies of participants
(D) It can change its character over time.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (C) and (D) only

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (C) and (D) only

• (A) Sustained collective action: A social movement is not a one-time event but a long-term, ongoing effort. It requires repeated and organized collective actions, such as protests, rallies, and advocacy campaigns, to achieve its goals.

• (C) Shared objectives and ideologies of participants: Participants in a social movement are united by a common purpose or vision for change. This shared ideology and objective provide the foundation for their collective identity and action.

• (D) It can change its character over time: Social movements are not static. As they progress, they may adapt their strategies, refine their goals, or even transform their fundamental nature in response to new challenges, successes, or failures.

The statement that a social movement is "always revolutionary in nature" is incorrect. While some social movements aim for revolutionary change (like the overthrow of a government), many are reformist, seeking to bring about specific policy changes within the existing social or political system (e.g., the Civil Rights Movement or the Women's Suffrage Movement).