Which of the following is not a change due to green revolution?

Increasing bonded labour

The incorrect answer is Increasing bonded labour.

The Green Revolution, a period of agricultural modernization in the mid-20th century, introduced new technologies and practices that aimed to increase crop yields and improve agricultural productivity. While the Green Revolution had significant impacts on rural societies, increasing bonded labor was not a direct consequence of this agricultural transformation.

The other options are changes associated with the Green Revolution:

• Shift from payment in kind to payment in cash: The Green Revolution led to a shift from traditional payment methods in kind (such as grains or produce) to cash payments for agricultural labor. This shift was driven by the need for monetization to purchase inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery.

• Rise of rural elites: The Green Revolution benefited larger landholders and affluent farmers who could afford to adopt new technologies and invest in modern agricultural practices. This led to the emergence of a prosperous rural elite, while marginal farmers and landless laborers may not have benefited as much.

• Commercialization of agriculture: The Green Revolution transformed agriculture into a more commercialized enterprise, with production geared towards market demand and profitability. This shift away from subsistence farming had far-reaching implications for rural economies and livelihoods.