Match List I with
| List I | List II |
| A. Lanthanum | I. +3, +4 |
| B. Praseodymium | II. +3 |
| C. Neodymium | III. +2, +3, +4 |
| D. Samarium | IV. +2, +3 |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is option 3. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV.
| List I | List II |
| A. Lanthanum | II. +3 |
| B. Praseodymium | I. +3, +4 |
| C. Neodymium | III. +2, +3, +4 |
| D. Samarium | IV. +2, +3 |
Let us look into the common oxidation states of each of the lanthanide elements mentioned:
A. Lanthanum (La): Lanthanum is commonly found in the +3 oxidation state. In its +3 oxidation state, lanthanum loses three electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This is the most stable and common oxidation state for lanthanum in chemical compounds.
B. Praseodymium (Pr): Praseodymium exhibits several oxidation states, but the most common ones are +3 and +4. In its +3 oxidation state, praseodymium loses three electrons, similar to lanthanum. However, praseodymium can also exist in the +4 oxidation state, where it loses an additional electron, resulting in a higher positive charge.
C. Neodymium (Nd): Neodymium, like praseodymium, can also exhibit multiple oxidation states. The most common ones are +2, +3, and +4. In its +3 oxidation state, neodymium loses three electrons, similar to lanthanum and praseodymium. However, neodymium can also exist in the +2 and +4 oxidation states, where it loses two or four electrons, respectively.
D. Samarium (Sm): Samarium, like neodymium, exhibits multiple oxidation states, with the most common ones being +2 and +3. In its +3 oxidation state, samarium loses three electrons, similar to lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium. It can also exist in the +2 oxidation state, where it loses two electrons.
In summary:
Lanthanum (La) commonly exhibits the +3 oxidation state.
Praseodymium (Pr) commonly exhibits the +3 and +4 oxidation states.
Neodymium (Nd) commonly exhibits the +2, +3, and +4 oxidation states.
Samarium (Sm) commonly exhibits the +2 and +3 oxidation states.
These oxidation states are based on the tendency of each lanthanide element to lose a certain number of electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. The specific oxidation states observed in compounds of these elements can vary depending on factors such as the chemical environment and the nature of the bonding involved.