______ looks at human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities.

Welfare Approach

The correct answer is Option (4) → Welfare Approach

Welfare Approach: This approach looks at human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities. The approach argues for higher government expenditure on education, health, social secondary and amenities. People are not participants in development but only passive recipients. The government is responsible for increasing levels of human development by maximising expenditure on welfare.