Read the following passage and answer the question.

Bira Machines Limited is engaged in manufacturing of machine components. The company has planned to venture into automobile parts as well for which, it started doing the market research. The target production for machine parts is 500 units per day per worker. The company had been successfully attaining this target until three months ago. The company follows a practice where only significant deviations from a budget or plan are brought to the attention of management. Over the last four months, it has been observed that daily production varies between 450-460 units per day per worker. Management called the supervisor and asked him to find out the reasons for low productivity. CCTV cameras were installed to keep a check on employees. It was found that some of the workers used to spend more time for lunch than allotted. The report for the same was prepared and submitted by the supervisor to the management.

Identify the function of management highlighted in the case.

Controlling

The correct answer is option 4- Controlling.

The function of management highlighted in the case is controlling.

Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it against standards, and taking corrective actions if necessary. In the passage, the company noticed a deviation from the target production levels and took steps to address it, such as investigating the cause of the low productivity and implementing measures (like CCTV cameras) to monitor and improve employee performance. This is a clear example of the controlling function in management.