What is the term used to describe the procedure of replacing damaged tissues or organs, such as the heart, eye, liver, or kidney, with healthy ones obtained from a donor?

Transplantation

The correct answer is (a) Transplantation.

Transplantation refers to the surgical procedure of removing a damaged or diseased organ or tissue from a person (the recipient) and replacing it with a healthy organ or tissue from another person (the donor). This procedure is commonly performed for organs such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and eyes, among others.

Transplantation is often the treatment of choice when other medical interventions are not sufficient to restore the normal function of the damaged organ or tissue. It offers the opportunity for individuals to regain normal organ function and improve their quality of life.

The process of transplantation involves careful matching of the donor organ or tissue with the recipient to ensure compatibility and reduce the risk of rejection. Immunosuppressive medications are typically administered to prevent the recipient's immune system from attacking and rejecting the transplanted organ.

Transplantation has significantly advanced medical treatment options and has saved countless lives worldwide. However, it also poses challenges such as the availability of suitable donor organs, the risk of rejection, and the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy.

 In the context of transplantation, when an organ or tissue is transplanted from a donor to a recipient, the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as nonself or foreign. This recognition triggers an immune response aimed at eliminating the foreign tissue, known as graft rejection. The cell-mediated immune response plays a central role in graft rejection.