Match the Column I with Column II  :

A- III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

The correct answer is Option (1)- A- III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

In situ,conservation strategies involve the protection and conservation of species and ecosystems within their natural habitats. In-situ conservation is a set of methods aimed at preserving all living species, particularly wild and endangered ones, within their natural habitats and environments. This approach involves the protection and management of biodiversity in its original ecosystem. Examples of in-situ conservation strategies include biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and other protected areas that aim to maintain the ecological integrity and diversity of the region.

Ex situ conservation refers to conservation efforts that focus on protecting species or ecosystems outside their natural habitats, often in specialized facilities like botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, or captive breeding centers. In these facilities, endangered or threatened species are taken out of their natural environment and provided with a controlled and protected setting where they can be bred, cared for, and preserved.Cryopreservation of seeds, embryos, or genetic materials are common strategies used to safeguard genetic diversity for future use.

Narrowly utilitarian arguments focus on the direct economic benefits humans derive from nature, including food (cereals, pulses, fruits), firewood, fiber, construction material, industrial products (tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins, perfumes), and medicinal products. Additionally, bioprospecting, which involves exploring molecular, genetic, and species-level diversity for economically valuable products, can lead to substantial benefits for nations rich in biodiversity.

Broadly utilitarian arguments emphasize the role of biodiversity in providing essential ecosystem services. For instance, the fast-dwindling Amazon forest contributes to approximately 20% of the earth's total oxygen through photosynthesis. Pollination, performed by various pollinators such as bees, bumblebees, birds, and bats, is another critical service provided by ecosystems. Furthermore, there are intangible benefits, such as the aesthetic pleasure of walking through dense forests, witnessing spring flowers in full bloom, or awakening to the song of a bulbul in the morning.