The correct answer is Option 2: A, B, D, E only
British colonialism, rooted in a capitalist system, focused on extracting profits and consolidating control in India. Here’s how each option applies:
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A. Charging the laws of the land on land ownership: The British introduced systems like the Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari to ensure revenue collection and maximize their profits.
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B. Altering the way production and distribution took place in the manufacturing sector: Traditional industries, especially textiles, were disrupted as India became a supplier of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods.
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C. By enacting forest laws that safeguarded the rights of the indigenous people: This is incorrect. Forest laws under British rule actually curtailed indigenous rights by restricting access to forests, forcing tribes to become dependent on the colonial administration.
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D. By introducing Western education to manage British colonial government: Western education was introduced to create a class of Indians who could assist in administrative functions and act as intermediaries.
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E. By enabling the movement of people from one part of the country to another through labor recruitment: Recruitment of labor, such as for tea plantations and indentured labor migration, was encouraged to serve British economic interests.
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