In order to prevent tooth decay safely and effectively by making use of water, it is subject to which of the following processes?

Fluoridation

The correct answer is option 2. Fluoridation.

Fluoridation is the process of adjusting the fluoride content of public water supplies to achieve an optimal level for dental health. This practice involves adding fluoride ions to the water to reach a concentration that helps prevent tooth decay and cavities.

Here's an explanation of the process:

1. Fluoride Benefits for Dental Health: Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that has been found to strengthen tooth enamel and make teeth more resistant to decay. Adequate levels of fluoride in the mouth can help prevent cavities and maintain good oral health.

2. Optimal Fluoride Concentration: Public health officials and dental professionals have determined an optimal concentration of fluoride in drinking water to balance the benefits of dental health without causing adverse effects like dental fluorosis (a cosmetic issue affecting tooth enamel).

3. Water Fluoridation Process: Fluoride is added to water supplies in the form of fluoride ions (often as sodium fluoride or fluorosilicic acid). The concentration of fluoride is carefully monitored to ensure it reaches the recommended level for dental health.

4. Community Health Initiative: Water fluoridation is considered a community-wide initiative to improve dental health. It is a cost-effective and equitable approach, benefiting everyone in the community who consumes the public water supply.

5. Prevention of Tooth Decay: When people consume fluoridated water, the fluoride ions become incorporated into the tooth enamel during the remineralization process. This makes the enamel more resistant to acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, reducing the risk of tooth decay.

6. Safety Considerations: Fluoridation is a safe and well-established public health practice when maintained within the recommended concentration range.

In summary, fluoridation is a widely adopted public health measure that involves adjusting the fluoride content of water supplies to promote dental health and prevent tooth decay in the community.