William Henry made systematic studies of the solubility of a gas in a liquid. He gave a quantitative relationship between the solubility of a gas in a solvent and pressure which is known as Henry’s law. The law states that- the mass of a gas dissolved per unit volume of the solvent at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution.

If m is the mass of the gas dissolved in a unit volume of the solvent and p is the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution, then

\[m \propto p\]

\[or,  m = K.p\]

where K is the proportionality constant. The magnitude of K depends on the nature of the gas, the nature of the solvent, the temperature and the units of pressure. Thus, Henry’s law may also be stated as: the solubility of a gas in a liquid at a particular temperature is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution.

Which of the following are the limitation(s) of Henry's law?

Both A and B

The answer is 3. Both 1 and 2.

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. However, there are some limitations to this law.

One limitation is that Henry's law does not apply to gases at high pressures. This is because, at high pressures, the gas molecules can interact with each other in ways that are not accounted for by Henry's law. As a result, the solubility of the gas in the liquid will be higher than predicted by Henry's law.

Another limitation of Henry's law is that it only applies when the system molecules are in an equilibrium state. This means that the gas and the liquid must be in a state where there is no net transfer of gas molecules between the two phases. If the system is not in equilibrium, then the solubility of the gas in the liquid will not be constant.

Therefore, the limitations of Henry's law are that it does not apply to gases at high pressures and it only applies when the system molecules are in an equilibrium state. Option 1 and 2 are both correct limitations of Henry's law, so the answer is option 3.