The term used for diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane is known as:

Osmosis

The correct answer is option 1. Osmosis.

Osmosis is a fundamental process in biology and chemistry that involves the movement of solvent molecules, usually water, across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. This movement occurs in an attempt to equalize the concentration of solute particles on both sides of the membrane.

Key points to understand about osmosis:

1. Semipermeable Membrane: Osmosis occurs across a semipermeable membrane, which allows the passage of solvent molecules (such as water) but restricts the passage of solute particles (such as ions or larger molecules).

2. Concentration Gradient: Osmosis happens when there is a difference in solute concentration between the two sides of the membrane. The side with the higher solute concentration is often referred to as the hypertonic solution, while the side with the lower solute concentration is called the hypotonic solution.

3. Direction of Movement: In osmosis, solvent molecules move across the membrane from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution. This movement continues until equilibrium is reached, meaning there is no net movement of water across the membrane.

4. Role in Biological Systems: Osmosis plays a crucial role in biological systems. For example, it is essential for the movement of water in plant cells, helping to maintain turgor pressure and structural integrity. In animal cells, osmosis is involved in processes such as kidney function and the regulation of cell volume.

5. Practical Applications: Osmosis has practical applications in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. In medicine, osmosis is relevant to processes like intravenous therapy and kidney function. In agriculture, it influences the uptake of water and nutrients by plant roots. In industry, osmosis is utilized in processes such as desalination and food preservation.

Overall, osmosis is a fundamental concept with broad implications across different scientific disciplines. It helps maintain the balance of water and solutes within living organisms and has practical significance in various technological and industrial processes.