In some organism formation of new organisms from female gamete without fertilisation is known as

Parthenogenesis

The correct answer is Option (1) → Parthenogenesis

The most vital event of sexual reproduction is perhaps the fusion of gametes. This process called syngamy results in the formation of a diploid zygote. The term fertilisation is also often used for this process. The terms syngamy and fertilisation are frequently used though, interchangeably.

Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm. In some organisms like rotifers, honeybees and even some lizards and birds (turkey), the female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilisation.This phenomenon is called parthenogenesis.