Match List – I with List – II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

The correct answer is Option (3) - A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III.

* Horizontal Analysis- Comparative statement. Comparative Statements are the statements showing the profitability and financial position of a firm for different periods of time in a comparative form to give an idea about the position of two or more periods. It usually applies to the two important financial statements, namely, balance sheet and statement of profit and loss prepared in a comparative form. The financial data will be comparative only when same accounting principles are used in preparing these statements. If this is not the case, the deviation in the use of accounting principles should be mentioned as a footnote. Comparative figures indicate the trend and direction of financial position and operating results. This analysis is also known as ‘horizontal analysis’.

* Vertical Analysis- Common size statement. Common Size Statements are the statements which indicate the relationship of different items of a financial statement with a common item by expressing each item as a percentage of that common item. The percentage thus calculated can be easily compared with the results of corresponding percentages of the previous year or of some other firms, as the numbers are brought to common base. Such statements also allow an analyst to compare the operating and financing characteristics of two companies of different sizes in the same industry. Thus, common size statements are useful, both, in intra-firm comparisons over different years and also in making inter-firm comparisons for the same year or for several years. This analysis is also known as ‘Vertical analysis’.

* External Analysis- Access only to published information. In external analysis, you rely solely on information that is publicly available. This can include sources such as financial reports, press releases, news articles, industry publications, and other publicly accessible data.

* Internal analysis- Access to all published and unpublished information. Internal analysis involves a more comprehensive examination as it allows access to both published and unpublished information. This includes internal documents, proprietary data, employee insights, financial records, and any other information that is not publicly disclosed.