Ammonia is manufactured by:

\(N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \longrightarrow 2NH_3(g)\, \ \Delta H = -46.1\, \ kJ/mol\)

The various steps involved are:

(A) Condensation of mixture of gases

(B) Passing the gaseous mixture over catalyst

(C) Compression of the mixture of gases

(D) Recirculation of the gaseous mixture

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(C), (B), (A), (D)

The correct answer is option 1. (C), (B), (A), (D).

Let us break down each step involved in the manufacture of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) using the Haber process:

1. Compression of the Mixture of Gases (C):

Nitrogen gas (\(N_2\)) and hydrogen gas (\(H_2\)) are obtained from air and natural gas, respectively. These gases are then compressed to increase the pressure. High pressure favors the forward reaction, according to Le Chatelier's principle, as the formation of ammonia is favored by higher pressure. Compressing the gases also increases the concentration of reactants, which further promotes the reaction.

2. Passing the Gaseous Mixture Over a Catalyst (B):

The compressed mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gases is then passed over an iron catalyst. The catalyst provides a surface for the reaction to occur more rapidly without being consumed itself. The catalyst lowers the activation energy required for the reaction, thereby increasing the rate of ammonia production.

3. Condensation of the Mixture of Gases (A):

After the reaction occurs, the mixture of gases contains ammonia, nitrogen, and unreacted hydrogen. The mixture is cooled down to condense the ammonia gas. Ammonia is easily liquefied at moderate pres The condensed ammonia can be separated from the remaining gases through further processing.

4. Recirculation of the Gaseous Mixture (D):

The unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen gases, along with any unused ammonia, are recirculated back into the reactor. This allows for further reaction, ensuring maximum conversion of reactants into products. The recirculation of gases also helps in improving the efficiency of the process by utilizing the unreacted gases.

By following these steps in the specified order, the Haber process efficiently produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. This process is crucial for the production of ammonia, which is used extensively in the manufacture of fertilizers, chemicals, and various industrial processes.