Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II | ||
| Events | Year | ||
| (A) | Disintegration of the Soviet Union | (I) | 1990 |
| (B) | Shock Therapy | (II) | 1985 |
| (C) | Invasion of Afghanistan | (III) | 1991 |
| (D) | Mikhail Gorbachev elected as General Secretary of the Communist Party | (IV) | 1979 |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(A) Disintegration of the Soviet Union — this matches (III) 1991. Gorbachev resigned as President on 25 December 1991, the end of the Soviet Union.
(B) Shock Therapy — this matches (I) 1990. Shock therapy was administered in the 1990s, after the fall of the communist regimes.
(C) Invasion of Afghanistan — this matches (IV) 1979.
(D) Mikhail Gorbachev elected as General Secretary of the Communist Party — this matches (II) 1985.
Note: None of the NCERT books — the pre-rationalised, 2023-24, 2025-26 or 2026-27 edition — gives a single year for shock therapy; they say only that it was administered in the 1990s. It began in Poland in January 1990. The other three pairs are fixed by the book’s own dates, so Option (3) is the only option that fits.
NCERT (2026-27): “What was the Soviet System? … In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time, but at great cost. The Soviet Union lagged behind the West in technology, infrastructure (e.g., transport, power), and most importantly, in fulfilling the political or economic aspirations of citizens. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 weakened the system even further.… Consequences of Shock Therapy … The shock therapy administered in the 1990s did not lead the people into the promised utopia of mass consumption. Generally, it brought ruin to the economies and disaster upon the people of the entire region.…”
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