Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A: Towards the end of 1990's the election commission started using the EVM.
Reason R: By 2004 the entire country had shifted to the EVM. But it was decided to place inside each polling booth a box for each candidate.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Note: The given answer, Option (1), is as per the official NTA Answer Key. However, this answer appears to be wrong. As per the NCERT book, the correct answer is Option (3), as explained below.
Assertion A — True. Towards the end of the 1990s the Election Commission started using the EVM.
Reason R — False. Its first sentence is true: by 2004 the entire country had shifted to the EVM. But a box for each candidate inside each polling booth was the method of the first general election; after the first two elections the ballot paper carried the names and symbols of all the candidates, and the EVM came only towards the end of the 1990s. So R, which places the boxes after the shift to the EVM, is false.
Why R does not explain A: a false statement cannot be the reason for a true one. The boxes for each candidate belong to the first general election, long before the EVM; they have nothing to do with the Election Commission starting to use the EVM towards the end of the 1990s. So R is not the correct explanation of A.
NCERT (2026-27): Politics in India since Independence — Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance
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