The social reform movements which emerged in India in the 19th century arose to the challenges that colonial Indian society faced. You probably are familiar with what were termed social evils that plagued Indian society. The well-known issues are that of sati, child marriage, widow remarriage and caste discrimination.

Which of the following social issue (s) was/were challenged by pre-colonial movements like Bhakti and Sufi movements in India?

Caste Discrimination

The correct answer is Option 3: Caste Discrimination

Caste Discrimination Correct. he Bhakti and Sufi movements, along with Buddhism, made attempts to fight social discrimination in pre-colonial India. Since caste discrimination is a major form of social discrimination, this is the correct answer.

Option 1: Sati Incorrect. Sati was one of the major social evils addressed by the nineteenth-century social reform movements.

Option 2: Child marriage Incorrect. Child marriage was also an important social issue taken up by nineteenth-century social reformers.

NCERT:  The social reform movements which emerged in India in the 19th century arose to the challenges that colonial Indian society faced. You probably are familiar with what were termed social evils that plagued Indian society. The well-known issues are that of sati, child marriage, ban on widow remarriage and caste discrimination. It is not that attempts were not made to fight social discrimination in pre-colonial India. They were central to Buddhism, Bhakti and Sufi movements. What marked these 19th century social reform attempts was the modern context and mix of ideas. It was a creative combination of modern ideas of western liberalism and a new look on traditional literature.