Who was the first Director-General of Archaeological Survey of India?

Alexander Cunningham

The correct answer is Option 2- Alexander Cunningham

The first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India was Alexander Cunningham.

He was appointed in 1861 and served until his retirement in 1885. During his tenure, he excavated many important archaeological sites, including Sanchi, Sarnath, and Bharhut. He also published a number of books and articles on Indian archaeology, including his magnum opus, The Ancient Geography of India.

Cunningham is considered to be the father of Indian archaeology. He laid the foundations for the systematic study of India's past and helped to preserve and protect its cultural heritage.

The other options provided were:

• Mortimer Wheeler: Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1944 to 1946.
• Lord Curzon: Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He was a keen supporter of archaeology and helped to establish the Archaeological Survey of India as a professional organization.
• John Marshall: Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928. He is best known for his excavations of the Indus Valley Civilization sites of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.