The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(I), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(A) Appar: (I) Tevaram
(B) Malfuzat: (III) Uttered conversation of Sufis
(C) Tazkiras: (IV) biographical accounts of saints
(D) Nalayira Divyaprabandham: (II) Tamil Veda
By the tenth century the compositions of the 12 Alvars were compiled in an anthology known as the Nalayira Divyaprabandham (“Four Thousand Sacred Compositions”). The poems of Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar form the Tevaram, a collection that was compiled and classified in the tenth century on the basis of the music of the song.
This is a verse composed by 'Appar', a Bhakti saint of South India:
"O roques who quote the law books. Of what use are your gotra and kula? Just bow to Marperu's lord as your sole refuge".
Malfuzat (literally, “uttered”; conversations of sufi saints) – An early text on malfuzat is the Fawa’id-al-Fu’ad, a collection of conversations of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya, compiled by Amir Hasan Sijzi Dehlavi, a noted Persian poet. Malfuzats were compiled by different sufi silsilas with the permission of the shaikhs; these had obvious didactic purposes. Several examples have been found from different parts of the subcontinent, including the Deccan. They were compiled over several centuries.
Tazkiras are biographical accounts of saints (Sufi texts). First Sufi tazkira written in India - Siyar-ul-Auliya of Mir Khwurd Kirmani. Tazkiras literally means "to mention and memorialize"; and are biographical accounts of saints.
By the tenth century the compositions of the 12 Alvars were compiled in an anthology known as the Nalayira Divyaprabandham (Four Thousand Sacred Compositions). Nalayira Divyaprabandham, was frequently described as the Tamil Veda, thus claiming that the text was as significant as the four Vedas in Sanskrit that were cherished by the Brahmanas. |
