Match the concept in List - I with the explanation in List - II.
| LIST-I (Concept) | LIST-II (Explanation) | ||
| (A) | Corporate Culture | (I) | Commercial interest that involves mixing of local and global |
| (B) | Post-Fordism | (II) | Work broken down into small repetitive elements to increase efficiency |
| (C) | Glocalisation | (III) | Flexible production process |
| (D) | Scientific Management | (IV) | Ways of doing things, events, traditions to involve employees of the organisation |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(A) Corporate Culture — this matches (IV) Ways of doing things, events, traditions to involve employees of the organisation. Corporate culture creates a unique organisational culture involving all members of a firm; company events, rituals and traditions are meant to build employee loyalty, and it also refers to the way of doing things.
(B) Post-Fordism — this matches (III) Flexible production process. Fordism was the mass production of goods at a centralised location; post-Fordism is a system of flexible production at dispersed locations, moving wherever labour is cheaper.
(C) Glocalisation — this matches (I) Commercial interest that involves mixing of local and global. Glocalisation is the mixing of the global with the local, a strategy adopted by foreign firms to enhance their marketability, as when foreign television channels use Indian languages.
(D) Scientific Management — this matches (II) Work broken down into small repetitive elements to increase efficiency. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s system, also known as Taylorism, broke all work down into its smallest repetitive elements, divided them between workers and timed them, so as to get more output from the same workers.
Note: The paragraph on Frederick Winslow Taylor’s ‘Scientific Management’, in the chapter ‘Change and Development in Industrial Society’, was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023. This paragraph has been deleted from the NCERT book (2025-26), though the chapter is still there and the book’s Glossary keeps the term ‘Taylorism’.
NCERT (2025-26): “Corporate Culture … Corporate culture is a branch of management theory that seeks to increase productivity and competitiveness though the creation of a unique organisational culture involving all members of a firm. A dynamic corporate culture - involving company events, rituals and traditions - is thought to enhance employee loyalty and promote group solidarity. It also refers to the way of doing things, of promotion and packaging products.” “…This flexibility of labour often works in favour of the producers. Instead of mass production of goods at a centralised location (Fordism), we have moved to a system of flexible production at dispersed locations (post-Fordism).” “Homogenisation Versus Glocalisation of Culture … Glocalisation refers to the mixing of the global with the local. It is not entirely spontaneous. Nor is it entirely delinked from the commercial interests of globalisation. It is a strategy often adopted by foreign firms while dealing with local traditions in order to enhance their marketability.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “5.4 How is Work Carried Out? … Another way of increasing output is by organising work. An American called Frederick Winslow Taylor invented a new system in the 1890s, which he called ‘Scientific Management’. It is also known as Taylorism or industrial engineering. Under his system, all work was broken down into its smallest repetitive elements, and divided between workers. Workers were timed with the help of stopwatches and had to fulfil a certain target every day. Production was further speeded up by the introduction of the assembly line. Each worker sat along a conveyor belt and assembled only one part of the final product. The speed of work could be set by adjusting the speed of the conveyor belt.…” |