This type of reinforcement refers to pairing an un-desired response with an unpleasant consequence. Identify the same.

Aversive conditioning

The correct answer is Aversive conditioning.

Aversive conditioning is a type of conditioning in which an undesired response is paired with an unpleasant consequence, with the goal of decreasing the frequency of the response. It is based on the principle of negative reinforcement, which states that organisms will learn to avoid stimuli that are followed by negative consequences. 

Here are some examples of aversive conditioning:

• A child who touches a hot stove may learn to avoid touching hot stoves in the future.
• A dog who barks at the mailman may be given an electric shock to stop barking.
• A person who is struggling with addiction may undergo aversive therapy, which involves pairing the use of drugs or alcohol with an unpleasant experience, such as nausea or vomiting

The other options are incorrect:

• Positive reinforcement is the pairing of a desired response with a pleasant consequence, with the goal of increasing the frequency of the response.
• Negative reinforcement is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus after an undesired response is emitted, with the goal of decreasing the frequency of the response.
• Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate two stimuli.