Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (A) | Khilafat Movement | (I) | Mahatma Gandhi's biographer |
| (B) | Jallianwala Bagh Massacre | (II) | Turkish ruler |
| (C) | Kemal Ataturk | (III) | 1919 |
| (D) | Louis Fisher | (IV) | 1919-1920 |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
(A) Khilafat Movement — this matches (IV) 1919-1920. The Khilafat Movement (1919-1920) was a movement of Indian Muslims led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali; Gandhiji joined hands with it to broaden the Non-Cooperation Movement.
(B) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre — this matches (III) 1919. In April 1919 a British Brigadier ordered his troops to open fire on a nationalist meeting in Amritsar, and more than four hundred people were killed.
(C) Kemal Ataturk — this matches (II) Turkish ruler. The Caliphate, which the Khilafat Movement sought to restore, had been abolished by the Turkish ruler Kemal Attaturk.
(D) Louis Fisher — this matches (I) Mahatma Gandhi’s biographer. Louis Fischer was Mahatma Gandhi’s American biographer; he wrote that non-cooperation became the name of an epoch in the life of India.
NCERT (2025-26): “2. The Making and Unmaking of Non-cooperation … The protests were particularly intense in the Punjab, where many men had served on the British side in the War – expecting to be rewarded for their service. Instead they were given the Rowlatt Act. Gandhiji was detained while proceeding to the Punjab, even as prominent local Congressmen were arrested. The situation in the province grew progressively more tense, reaching a bloody climax in Amritsar in April 1919, when a British Brigadier ordered his troops to open fire on a nationalist meeting.… 2. The Making and Unmaking of Non-cooperation … It was the Rowlatt satyagraha that made Gandhiji a truly national leader. Emboldened by its success, Gandhiji called for a campaign of ‘non-cooperation’ with British rule. Indians who wished colonialism to end were asked to stop attending schools, colleges and law courts, and not pay taxes. In sum, they were asked to adhere to a ‘renunciation of (all) voluntary association with the (British) Government’. If noncooperation was effectively carried out, said Gandhiji, India would win swaraj within a year. To further broaden the struggle he had joined hands with the Khilafat Movement that sought to restore the Caliphate, a symbol of Pan-Islamism which had recently been abolished by the Turkish ruler Kemal Attaturk. What was the Khilafat Movement? The Khilafat Movement, (1919 -1920) was a movement of Indian Muslims, led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali… 2.1 Knitting a popular movement … ‘Non-cooperation,’ wrote Mahatma Gandhi’s American biographer Louis Fischer, ‘became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji. Non-cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective.…”
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