When a semiconductor is doped with a donor impurity
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → electron concentration increases and hole concentration decreases
Donor impurities (like pentavalent atoms) provide extra free electrons, making the semiconductor n-type. This increases the number of electrons (majority carriers). Due to recombination, the number of holes (minority carriers) decreases, so hole concentration falls.