The correct answer is option 1. Group 8.
Iron belongs to Group 8 of the periodic table, which is also known as the "Transition Metals" group. Here's an explanation of why iron belongs to Group 8:
1. Group 8: Group 8, also called Group 8B or Group VIII, is located in the middle of the periodic table, between Group 7 (Transition Metals) and Group 9 (also Transition Metals). Elements in Group 8 are characterized by having partially filled d orbitals in their electron configurations, which gives them similar chemical properties.
2. Transition Metals: Transition metals are elements that have partially filled d orbitals in their electron configurations. These metals often exhibit a wide range of oxidation states and form colorful compounds due to the presence of partially filled d orbitals, which allow for the transfer of electrons during chemical reactions.
3. Iron (Fe): Iron is a transition metal with the atomic number 26, meaning it has 26 protons in its nucleus. Its electron configuration is \([_{18}Ar] 3d^6 4s^2\). This configuration shows that iron has six electrons in its d orbitals, placing it in Group 8.
4. Properties of Iron: Iron is a silvery-gray metal that is highly malleable and ductile. It is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and is essential for many industrial processes. Iron is known for its ability to form multiple oxidation states, including \(Fe^{2+}\) (ferrous) and \(Fe^{3+}\) (ferric), which allows it to participate in various chemical reactions.
5. Applications: Iron and its alloys, such as steel, are widely used in construction, transportation, machinery, and many other industries due to their strength, durability, and versatility. Iron is also an essential nutrient for living organisms, playing a critical role in biological processes such as oxygen transport in the blood.
In summary, iron belongs to Group 8 of the periodic table, along with other transition metals, due to its electron configuration and similar chemical properties shared with other elements in the group. |
