The correct answer is Option (2) → +3
- Lanthanoids most commonly exhibit the +3 oxidation state.
- This occurs due to the loss of two 6s electrons and one 5d/4f electron, giving a stable configuration.
- Other oxidation states like +2 or +4 are shown only by a few lanthanoids and are less common.
Hence, the common oxidation state of lanthanoids is +3.
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