Choose the correct answer from options given below. Principle of 'Liv…

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India has never subscribed to the doctrine of militarism and war in her history. Here war was never treated as an ideal. It was only tolerated as unavoidable and inevitable and all attempts were made to check it and bring it under control. Inspite of the frequency of wars in ancient India, inspite of highly developed military organisation, techniques of war and imperialism and inspite of the open justification of war as national policy, the heart of India loved pacifism as an ideal capable of realisation. India's symbolic role was that of a peacemaker and it sincerely pinned its faith on the principle of "Live and let live". At least philosophically, India's intelligencia supported the cause of peace not only in national affairs but international affairs also. All the great seers of yore visualised the unity of life permeating all beings, animate or inanimate, which ruled out killing and suicidal wars.

This doctrine of philosophical pacifisms was practiced by ancient Aryans and is no doubt a question of a controversial nature. Certainly, the great Indian teachers and savants stuck to this doctrine tenaciously and in their personal life they translated it into practice and preached it to masses and even to princes of military classes.

Another culture of those times, the existence of which has been proved by the excavations of Mohan-jo-Daro, also enunciated the doctrine of pacifism and friendship to all. Strangely enough the Indus Valley civilisation has revealed no fortification and very few weapons.

Ahimsa or the doctrine of non-violence in thought, speech and action assumed a gigantic importance in the Buddhist and Jain period. By a constant practice of this virtue, man becomes unassailable by even wild beasts who forget their ferocity the moment they enter the circumference of his magnetic influence. The monks and nuns of these churches were apostles of peace who reached every nook and corner of the world and delivered the message of love to war-weary humanity. The greatest votary was the royal monk Ashoka who in reality was responsible for transforming Ahimsa as an act of personal virtue to Ahimsa as an act of national virtue.