The ICTP Ramanujan Prize is awarded annually for excellence in ______.

Mathematics

The correct answer is Option (3) - Mathematics

The ICTP Ramanujan Prize is an award given annually by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) to young mathematicians from developing countries. The prize is named after the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, who made significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in number theory, despite facing significant challenges in his life.

The purpose of the ICTP Ramanujan Prize is to recognize and encourage exceptional mathematical talent among young researchers from developing countries. It aims to highlight their contributions to mathematical research and to provide support and recognition for their work.

Recipients of the ICTP Ramanujan Prize are typically researchers under the age of 45 who have conducted outstanding research in areas of mathematics influenced by Ramanujan's work or in other areas with significant connections to mathematics in developing countries.

By awarding the prize, the ICTP seeks to promote mathematical excellence and foster the development of mathematical talent in regions where resources and opportunities for research may be limited. The prize also serves to honor the legacy of Ramanujan and his remarkable contributions to the field of mathematics.