In the given question, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason. Mark the correct answer.

Assertion: According to François Bernier, one of the fundamental differences between Mughal India and Europe was the lack of public property in land in the former.
Reasoning: He thought that in the Mughal Empire, the emperor owned all the land and distributed it among his nobles and that this had disastrous consequences for the economy and society.

The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is Option 4- The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

François Bernier was a French traveler who came to India during the 17th century. According to Bernier, one of the fundamental differences between Mughal India and Europe was the lack of PRIVATE property (NOT PUBLIC PROPERTY AS MENTIONED IN ASSERTION) in land in the former- Thus Assertion is incorrect.

He was a firm believer in the virtues of private property and saw crown ownership of land as being harmful to both the state and its people. He thought that in the Mughal Empire, the emperor owned all the land and distributed it among his nobles and that this had disastrous consequences for the economy and society: This Reasoning is Correct.