Two statements are given, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):

Assertion (A): A nation-state that accommodates cultural diversity is more likely to strengthen national unity than one that attempts to impose cultural uniformity.

Reason (R): Recognition of the identities and rights of subordinated communities reduces their sense of alienation from the nation-state.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)

The correct answer is Option 1: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).

Assertion (A): A nation-state that accommodates cultural diversity is more likely to strengthen national unity than one that attempts to impose cultural uniformity. — True. Respecting cultural diversity enables different communities to feel included in the nation-state, thereby strengthening national integration instead of creating resentment.

Reason (R): Recognition of the identities and rights of subordinated communities reduces their sense of alienation from the nation-state. — True. When subordinated communities are recognised and their rights are protected, they are less likely to feel excluded or marginalised and are more likely to identify with the nation-state.

Why (R) explains (A): Recognition of the identities and rights of subordinated communities prevents alienation and promotes a sense of belonging. This is precisely why accommodating cultural diversity contributes to stronger national unity rather than weakening it.