In the given question, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason. Mark the correct answer.

Assertion: When Buchanan travelled through the region in the winter of 1810-11 the Paharias welcomed him with garlands.

Reason: In the early decades of the 19th century, to the Paharias, every white man appeared to represent a power that was destroying their way of life and means of survival.

The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is Option 3 - The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

Assertion: When Buchanan travelled through the region of Rajmahal hills in the winter of 1810-11 the Paharias welcomed him with garlands. (Incorrect)

Reason: In the early decades of the 19th century, to the Paharias, every white man appeared to represent a power that was destroying their way of life and means of survival. (Correct)

Correction in Assertion: When Buchanan traveled through the region of Rajmahal hills in the winter of 1810-11 the Paharias viewed him with suspicion and distrust.

In the 1770s the British embarked on a brutal policy of extermination, hunting the Paharias down and killing them. Then, by the 1780s, Augustus Cleveland, the Collector of Bhagalpur, proposed a policy of pacification. Paharia chiefs were given an annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of their men. They were expected to maintain order in their localities and discipline their own people. Many Paharia chiefs refused the allowances. Those who accepted, most often lost authority within the community. Being in the pay of the colonial government, they came to be perceived as subordinate employees or stipendiary chiefs. As the pacification campaigns continued, the Paharias withdrew deep into the mountains, insulating themselves from hostile forces, and carrying on a war with outsiders. So when Buchanan travelled through the region in the winter of 1810-11 the Paharias naturally viewed him with suspicion and distrust. The experience of pacification campaigns and memories of brutal repression shaped their perception of British infiltration into the area. Every white man appeared to represent a power that was destroying their way of life and means of survival, snatching away their control over their forests and lands. By this time in fact there were newer intimations of danger. Santhals were pouring into the area, clearing forests, cutting down timber, ploughing land and growing rice and cotton. As the lower hills were taken over by Santhal settlers, the Paharias receded deeper into the Rajmahal hills. If Paharia life was symbolised by the hoe, which they used for shifting cultivation, the settlers came to represent the power of the plough. The battle between the hoe and the plough was a long one.