Read the passage and answer the questions:
Section I - Regarding Zemindars. It is evident that the British Government in making zemindary settlement have imposed exorbitant Jumas (revenue demand) and have disgraced and ruined several Zemindars by putting up their estates for public auction for arrears of rent, in so much, in the institution of a suit by a common Ryot, a maid servant or a slave, the respectable Zemindars are summoned into court, arrested, put in goal and disgraced. In litigation regarding Zemindaries, the immense value of stamps, and other unnecessary expenses of the civil courts,... are all calculated to impoverish the litigants. Besides this, the coffers of the Zemindars are annually taxed with the subscription for schools, hospitals, roads, etc. Such extortions will have no manner of existence in the Badshahi Government; but on the contrary the Jumas will be light, the dignity and honour of the Zemindars safe, and every Zemindar will have absolute rule in his own Zemindary...
Loss of zamindari estates and public auction of the same, as mentioned in the Proclamation, was caused by ______.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → New land reserve settlements of the company.
The passage is Section I of a rebel proclamation, addressed to the zemindars. It says that the British Government, in making zemindary settlements, imposed exorbitant Jumas (revenue demand) and ruined several zemindars by putting up their estates for public auction for arrears of rent. The loss of the estates thus came from the Company’s new land settlements and the heavy revenue fixed under them.
Hence, the answer is new land settlements of the Company.
NCERT: Themes in Indian History Part III — Chapter 10: Rebels and the Raj (2026-27)
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