Answer the question on basis of passage given below:

Alcohols and phenol are formed when a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, aliphatic and aromatic respectively, is replaced by -OH group. The substitution of a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon by an alkoxy or aryloxy group forms ethers.

Alcohols and phenol consist of two part, an alkyl/aryl group and a hydroxyl group. The properties of alcohols and phenols are primarily due to the hydroxyl group. The nature of alkyl and aryl groups simply modify these properties. Alcohol react both as nucleophiles and electrophiles whereas in phenols, the reactions that take place on the aromatic ring are electrophilic subtitution reactions.

Few compounds are given below (A to D). Arrange them in the increasing order of their boiling points.

(A) Pentan-1-ol

(B) n-Butane

(C) Pentan-l-al

(D) Ethoxyethane

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(B) < (D) < (C) < (A)

The correct answer is option 3. (B) < (D) < (C) < (A).

Let's break down the reasoning behind the order of boiling points for each compound:

1. n-Butane (B): n-Butane is a simple alkane with four carbon atoms in a straight chain. Alkanes exhibit weak van der Waals forces between molecules, which are relatively weak compared to other intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions. As a result, n-butane has the lowest boiling point among the given compounds.

2. Ethoxyethane (D): Ethoxyethane, also known as diethyl ether, consists of two ethyl groups attached to an oxygen atom. It exhibits dipole-dipole interactions due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and carbon, but it does not have hydrogen bonding like alcohols or aldehydes. Therefore, while it has stronger intermolecular forces compared to n-butane, it has a lower boiling point than compounds capable of hydrogen bonding.

3. Pentan-1-al (C): Pentan-1-al is an aldehyde with a carbonyl group (-CHO) at the end of a five-carbon chain. Aldehydes can participate in hydrogen bonding due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group. Although pentan-1-al can form hydrogen bonds, it is less polar than alcohols due to the absence of an -OH group. Consequently, it has a higher boiling point than ethoxyethane but lower than pentan-1-ol.

4. Pentan-1-ol (A): Pentan-1-ol is an alcohol with a longer carbon chain and a hydroxyl (-OH) group at one end. Alcohols can form strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups, resulting in stronger intermolecular forces compared to the other compounds. Due to the presence of hydrogen bonding, pentan-1-ol has the highest boiling point among the given compounds.

Therefore, the order of boiling points from lowest to highest is: n-Butane (B) < Ethoxyethane (D) < Pentan-1-al (C) < Pentan-1-ol (A).