Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

A. Several nematodes infect a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants which reduce the production of tobacco plants and reduces the production of tobacco. Thus, to prevent this infection a strategy is adopted known as RNA interface (RNAi) which takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. This method involves silencing of mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to it and prevents the process of translation of mRNA.

B. In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.

C. In 1990, the first clinical gene therapy was administered to a 4-year-old girl who had adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a condition essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. This deficiency arises due to the deletion of the gene responsible for producing ADA. Mutations in the ADA gene lead to a deficiency or absence of this enzyme, causing a buildup of harmful substances like deoxyadenosine, which can be toxic to lymphocytes and other cells. This can result in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a condition where the body's ability to fight off infections is severely impaired.

D. Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products, but such products are often expensive to make. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.